世界美食传统之印度料理
印度料理经常出现在我们眼前的是：咖喱，香菜，八角……这种口味和颜色为我们的眼睛和味觉带来快感。但我们真正了解正宗的印度料理是什么吗？
由于其菜肴的多样性和丰富性，印度料理保留相对的未知元素。印度料理不是只限于一个类型的菜肴，取决于不同的地区可用的自然资源、经济和文化的历史、以及印度部分地区的宗教信仰而有所不同。印度料理是一个可探索的完整世界……让我们开启这一发现之旅！
历史上发生众多的入侵使印度料理更加丰富：欧洲的殖民统治，特别是英国和葡萄牙，以及与波斯人的相互影响。正是在这一时期，在第十六世纪，葡萄牙为印度料理和某些波斯菜式带入了辣椒，如印度烤鸡和比尼亚尼菜成为印度美食的一部分。
印度料理也具有区域的差异。无论是在北，南，东或西，香料的混合产生微妙使菜式充满了味道和颜色。然而印度料理也有巨大的区域对比：
• 在印度北方，全麦面包（薄煎饼）是一顿饭的基础，而在南方，是大米。
• 南方烹调用油，而北方是用酥油。
• 在北方茶是最受欢迎的饮料，而炼乳咖啡是在南方的首选。
这些例子说明印度料理的地域差异性。我们发现，每个地区都有自己的特色美食和传统，现在让我们看一看…
印度的北方有一个经常用于烹饪的特殊烤炉，被称为tandoor（筒状泥炉）。比如在新德里，这里的tandoori dish（印度泥炉烹饪菜式）非常出名。同样地，一个叫Pendjab北部城市的传统菜肴，是chicken tandoori（印度烤鸡）。北方也为其肉的质量而闻名，尤其是在喀什米尔地区。
南方菜系主要围绕着鱼，海鲜，鸡肉和羊肉为主。以酱料为基本的菜肴通常很辣，特别是在喀拉拉邦。酸奶是经常被用作菜式如酸奶沙拉和木豆。素食美食多得于庞大的水果供应如芒果，木瓜，香蕉，番石榴，柠檬和菠萝。
葡萄牙殖民统治的影响在果阿菜中仍然非常明显。许多天主教徒居住在这个地区（在一个印度教是主要的宗教的国家里），这就解释了为什么肉类，包括猪肉在这里可以食用。
在印度料理宗教也起着重要的作用。因此，帕西人喜爱由羊肉或者鸡肉，蔬菜，大米和香料组合而成的dhansak（汉撒卷）。穆斯林不吃牛肉或猪肉，而印度教徒是素食主义者。
素食美食是印度料理其中一个非常特别的菜系，由于经济，文化或宗教原因引发而成。印度社会中一个种姓制度会有特定类型的食物来代表一定的生活方式。例如婆罗门，牧师和学者的铸型，是严格的素食主义者。宗教在印度教徒的菜式中也起着同样重要的作用，印度教徒占总人口的75 - 80%，都是素食主义者。更值得注意的是，这里肉很贵，这也解释了为什么它不在印度广泛消费的重要。
印度料理对于印度烹饪的多样性非常具有代表性。这充满味道，丰富多彩，可口的美食，完美地体现了一个国家的不同语言，宗教和生活方式。
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World Culinary Traditions
Indian cuisine is ever more present in our dishes: Curry, cilantro, star anise… This festival of flavors and colors is a delight for both our eyes and our palate. But do we truly understand what authentic Indian cuisine is?
Due to the diversity and richness of its dishes, Indian cuisine remains relatively unknown. Indian cuisine is not limited to just one type of cuisine but many which vary from region to region depending on the different natural resources available, economic and cultural history, as well as the religion of that part of India. Indian cuisine is a whole world to be explored…Lets set off on this voyage of discovery!
The numerous invasions that took place throughout history have made Indian cuisine all the richer: European colonization with, in particular, the British and Portuguese, as well as interactions with Persians. It was during this period, in the 16th century, that chili was introduced to Indian cuisine by the Portuguese and that certain Persian dishes, such as chicken tandoori and biryani became part of Indian gastronomy.
There are also regional differences in Indian cuisine. Whether in the North, South, East or West, the delicate blending of spices produces dishes which are full of flavor and color. There are, however, huge regional contrasts in Indian cuisine:
In northern India, whole-wheat flat bread (chapati) forms the basis of a meal, whereas in the south, it is rice.
Oil is used for cooking in the south whereas ghee is used in the North.
Tea, or Chai, is the most popular drink in the north whereas coffee with condensed milk is preferred in the south.
These examples demonstrate how regionally diverse Indian cuisine is. We have discovered that each region has its own culinary specialties and traditions, now let’s take a closer look…
In the north a special oven, known as a tandoor, is frequently used for cooking. New Delhi, for example, is well known for its tandoori dishes. Likewise, one of the traditional dishes in the Northern city of Pendjab is chicken tandoori. The North is also well known for the quality of its meat, especially in the Kashmir region.
Cuisine in the south mainly revolves around fish, seafood, chicken and mutton. Sauce based dishes are often very spicy, especially in Kerala. Yogurt is frequently used to make dishes such as raita and dhal. Vegetarian cuisine is also very good thanks to the numerous fruits available such as the jackfruit, mango, banana, papaya, guava, lemon and pineapple.
The influence of Portuguese colonization is still very much evident in Goan cuisine. Numerous Catholics inhabit this region (in a country where Hinduism is the major religion) and this explains why meat, including pork can be eaten here.
Religion also plays an important role in Indian cuisine. As such, dhansak, a dish composed of lamb or chicken, with vegetable, rice and spices is favored by the Parsi. Muslims do not eat beef or pork and Hindus are vegetarian.
Vegetarianism is one of the particularities of Indian cuisine which can be due to economic, cultural or religious reasons. Each caste has a particular type of food associated with it which represents a certain way of living. Brahmans, for example, a cast of priests and scholars, is strictly vegetarian. Religion also plays an important role in the way in which dishes are made as Hindus, who make up 75 - 80 % of the population, are vegetarian. It is important to remember that meat is also very expensive and this also explains why it is not widely consumed in India.
Indian cuisine is very representative of the culinary diversity of India. This colorful, delicious cuisine, which is so full of flavor, perfectly reflects a country with diverse languages, religions and ways of life.
【原文引自】：http://www.gheac.com/thread-5813-1-1.html
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